Part I Characterization of engineering materials
1 Structure of engineering materials 3
1.1 Crystal structure 3
1.2 Microstructure 7
1.3 Molecular structure of organic polymers and glasses 27
1.4 Further reading 35
2 Determination of mechanical properties 37
2.1 Introduction 37
2.2 The tensile test 37
2.3 Bend testing 43
2.4 Statistics of brittle fracture 45
2.5 Hardness testing 45
2.6 Fracture toughness testing 47
2.7 Time-dependent mechanical properties 52
Part II Structure–property relationships
3 Metals and alloys 71
3.1 General strengthening mechanisms: the effect of processing 71
3.2 The families of engineering alloys 84
3.3 Joining of metals and alloys 115
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2006
vi Contents
3.4 Degradation of metals and alloys 122
3.5 Further reading 131
4 Glasses and ceramics 133
4.1 Glasses 133
4.2 Glass ceramics 138
4.3 Ceramic materials 139
4.4 Cement and concrete 147
4.5 Bulk metallic glasses 156
4.6 Further reading 158
5 Organic polymeric materials 159
5.1 Introduction 159
5.2 Forming processes for polymers 161
5.3 Directionality of properties 163
5.4 Mechanical properties 163
5.5 Joining of polymers 175
5.6 Polymer degradation 179
5.7 Modelling of polymer structure and properties 182
5.8 Further reading 184
6 Composite materials 185
6.1 Introduction 185
6.2 Manufacture of composite materials 186
6.3 Cellular solids 191
6.4 Modelling composite behaviour 194
6.5 Further reading 214
Part III Problems
Chapter 1 problems 219
Chapter 2 problems 221
Chapter 3 problems 224
Chapter 4 problems 226
Chapter 5 problems 226
Chapter 6 problems 227
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